Sunflower Oil

SUNFLOWER OIL

(Helianthus Annuus)

Sunflower Oil  

Is fixed oil obtained from the seeds of cultivated varieties of Helianthus annuus Lin. (Asteraceae). Russia ranks first in the production of oil and the Argentina is second in ranking followed by Russia, Ukraine and France.

Chemical Constituents

This oil consist of a mixture of triglycerides which are rich unsaturated fatty acid, the main fatty acid are Palmitic 3-10%, stearic 1-10%, oleic 14-35%; Linoleic 55-75% and Linolenic <0.3%.

        The unsaponifiable matter characterized by many sterols; ß-sitosterol (60%), alongside ∆^7-  stigamasterol (7-14%) and ∆^5- avenasterol (4-6%) are also present.

Tocopherol are mainly represented by α-toco- pherol in this oil.

Health Food

       It is used as dietary supplements. This oil is used as an alternative to corn and safflower oil for culinary purposes and it is an ingredient of a number of speciality dietary supplements.

About AIDS AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

  AIDS AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

                              AIDS is a fatal disease which ultimately leads the patients to death. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It proves to be cause as the HIV attacks and destroys the cells of immune system of the body. The full from of HIV is Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Nowadays it has emerged as a global problem. HIV infected people are reported to have been spread all over the world, but the developing countries have shared a higher percentage. It is more rapidly increasing in developing countries than in developed countries.

                               AIDS is an incurable disease. The complete cure for it has not been discovered yet. The symptoms at the initial stage of it are unclear. Some of the common symptoms of HIV infection are regular fever more than three weeks, loss of weight more than ten percent of the original weight, regular diarrhea more than three weeks and skin rash.

                             At any stage, it can be passed on from one person to another. It is transmitted through the sexual intercourse with a person infected with HIV, the transfusion of HIV infected blood, the use of not properly sterilized needles and other skin piercing instruments previously used on the HIV infected patients and the HIV infected mothers to their babies. It is not confined to drug addicts but can strike anybody. The most dangerous and serious medium of its transmission is sexual intercourse. A single sexual intercourse with the person infected with the HIV can be enough to be transmitted from one person to another. It does not transmit through shaking hands, touching, hugging. Food, water and insects like mosquitoes.

                           There are some responsible factors which helps to spread AIDS. The people in developing countries are not completely aware of this fatal disease. They do not know how to be safe from it. The second factor is the poverty of the people. Some girls and women are compelled to be sex employees. Girls traffickers sell the innocent and ignorant girls to the illegal sex employers. People go to prostitution houses to satisfy their sexual needs. But they are likely to be victimized by HIV infection. They may transmit the HIV to other sex partners. Thus AIDS is rapidly spreading all over the world.

                              AIDS can be controlled implementing some effective measures. Firstly, public awareness should be promoted. Secondly, poverty alleviation programs should be implemented in the developing countries. Thirdly, girls trafficker and sex employers should be severely punished by law of the state. Doctors, nurses and other health workers should be very careful in blood transfusion and using needles.

As AIDS is an incurable disease, it must be controlled at any cost. If we cannot control it in time, the whole world will be victimized very badly. Specially, developing countries should be more careful to control it because the number of the HIV infected patients in these countries is increasing rapidly. Therefore, it is a great problem that needs averting.

About Smoking And Health Problem

Smoking And Health Problem   

                 Smoking is injurious to health. It certainly shortens life expectancy. It cause many health  problems. It consists of harmful substances. It is the mixture of harmful gases, vaporized chemicals, tiny particles of ash, nicotine and black tar. As the result of the harmful substances, many diseases are resulted.

                  In developing countries, many people are used to smoking. Most of the uneducated people, both men and women. The majority  of the  smokers is occupied by males. The number of female smokers is smaller than of the males. People smoke because of some reasons and causes. Small children are impressed by the adult smokers of the family and society, and they start smoking as the imitation of the adults. Similarly, youths are influenced by their friends who smoke and start smoking. Some people believe that smoking upgrades personality, and they fondly start smoking.

                   As the result of the adverse effects of smoking, many diseases are caused The harmful substances of the smoke especially cause the cancer of the lungs, throat, bladder and oral cavity. Furthermore, other lungs problems and respiratory diseases are resulted by smoking; for example, bronchitis and emphysema are respiratory diseases. Heavy smokers but also the people or family members who live together. If the parents smoke, their children are very badly affected. If a pregnant mother smokers, she will give birth to an unhealthy baby.

                    In order to maintain people's good health, they should be aware of adverse effects of smoking. Uneducated heavy smokers should be convinced to give up smoking. If they are completely  informed of the adverse effects of smoking, they certainly give up it. The advertisements on T.V's and radios showing disadvantages of smoking can play a vital role to reduce the number of smokers. School children and youths should be well-educated about the disadvantages of smoking. The advertisements which encourage the people to smoke should be banned by law. Heavy smokers must have strong determination to give up smoking, then they can lengthen their life expectancy.

                    People feel that cigarettes with filters are not injurious to health, but it is a wrong concept. Filters in cigarettes only reduce the amount of harmful substances. They also reduce/shorten the smokers' life expectancy. All the parents and senior family members who are smokers should give up it if they feel that it is their duty to guide their junior members. If adults do not smoke, their junior family members will not learn this bad habit.