DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES

Diabetic neuropathies are neuropathic disorders that are associated with diabetes mellitus. These conditions are thought to result from diabetic micro vascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves in addition to macrovascular  conditions that can culminate in diabetic neuropathy.

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Signs and symptoms :

Diabetic neuropathy affects all peripheral nerves including pain fibers, motor neurons and the autonomic nervous system. It therefore can affect  all organs and systems may include Numbness, Erectile dysfunction, Urinary incontinence, vision changes, Difficulty swallowing, Speech impairment etc.

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Causes of diabetic neuropathies :

•  Metabolic factors, such as high blood glucose, long duration of diabetes, abnormal blood fat levels, and possibly low levels, of insulin.
• Neurovascular factors, leading to damage to the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to nerves .
• Autoimmune factors that cause inflammation in nerves.
• Mechanical injury to nerves, such as carpal tunnel syndrome.
• Inherited traits that increase susceptibility to nerves disease.
• Types of diabetic neuropathy :
• Peripheral neuropathy, the most common type of diabetic neuropathy, causes pain or loss of feeling in the toes, feet, legs hands, and arms.
• Autonomic neuropathy causes changes in digestion, bowel and bladder function, sexual response, and perspiration. It can also affect the nerves that serve the heart and control blood pressure, as well as nerves in the lungs and eyes
• Proximal neuropathy causes pain in the things, hips, or buttocks and leads to weakness in the legs.
• Focal neuropathy results in the sudden weakness of one nerve or a group of nerves, causing muscle weakness or pain. Any nerves in the body can be affected.